Natural gas, propane or electric water heater: Comparison
Is it time to change your water heater? Why not take the opportunity to evaluate the different systems available on the market?
Natural gas, propane or electric: each has its advantages and disadvantages. But do you know them in detail? Depending on your situation, one model could be more appropriate than another.
How to find out? By consulting our complete comparison of natural gas, propane or electric water heaters.
Electric water heater: the most used in Quebec
You probably have an idea of what an electric water heater is. But do you know how it works?
An electric water heater uses heating elements immersed in a tank filled with water. When the water is cold, a thermostat triggers the elements to turn on and heat the water by conduction. Once the desired temperature is reached, the thermostat cuts off the power supply. And once the water is cold again, the cycle automatically starts again to maintain the desired temperature.
90%: this is the share occupied by electric water heaters among all residential water heaters in Quebec. Why such success? First of all, probably for their ease of installation. They do not require any evacuation system, connect to the electrical connection already in place, and everything is very safe. If you want to replace an electric water heater with a similar model, there will be no issues to report. The problems will be more significant if you want to switch from electric to gas, especially if you do not have a gas line.
What are the other advantages of an electric water heater?
- Its purchase cost is lower than a gas model (between $100 and $200 less).
- It can be installed just as easily in tight spaces.
- Since Quebec has hydroelectric energy, it is a process that is, all in all, economical.
- It requires little maintenance. However, an annual inspection is recommended and will guarantee its durability.
- It heats water quite quickly.
- Its environmental impact is controlled. Indeed, in addition to hydroelectricity, it can also be powered by solar or wind energy.
Now what about its drawbacks?
- Since it runs on electricity, it’s best not to have a power outage!
- Although light maintenance is sufficient, it will require descaling approximately every two years.
- It consumes more energy than a gas model.
A quick glance seems to give the electric water heater a leg up. But let’s take a closer look at the features of natural gas water heaters.
Natural gas water heater: Continued reliability
The natural gas water heater, on the other hand, uses a burner powered by gas to heat the water contained in a tank. This gas is routed to the burner via a control valve, and will be ignited by an electronic igniter or a pilot light. The flame thus produced heats the water by convection. And again, a thermostat cuts off the gas supply when the desired temperature is reached. This cycle resumes as soon as the water cools down.
A 2011 census reported that 50% of Canadian homes were equipped with such a system. The data on this option could use an update, but it does mention its possible limitations.
Why natural gas water heater might be right for you?
Because it is:
- Economical. Even in Quebec where we benefit from advantageous electricity rates, natural gas is generally less expensive.
- Efficient. Models with tanks in particular use less energy than electric water heaters.
- Fast. It heats water in a shorter time than the electric alternative.
- Reliable. No power problem, it works on continuous power supply.
On the other hand, its drawbacks might make you think twice before opting for this solution:
- Installation is particularly difficult. If there is no gas connection, you will need to have one installed, as well as ventilation to the outside and a carbon monoxide detector.
- Bulky and demanding. To meet all safety precautions, it requires more space.
- Economical in the long term. But when you buy it, it will cost you more than an electric model.
Finally, if you already have a gas line, this system could quickly become profitable for you. Otherwise, you will have to ask yourself if its promise of continuous supply is really worth it.
Propane water heater: victim of its unavailability
The propane water heater has relatively the same operating mode and the same characteristics as its natural gas cousin: good energy efficiency, not dependent on electric current and easy to maintain. That said, it still suffers from several defects that explain its fall into disuse in recent years:
- Its distribution is not ensured by networks like natural gas. It must be delivered by truck in tanks.
- Its use has a certain cost. Its price is higher than that of natural gas, so in use, it is also less economical.
- It is a fossil hydrocarbon that does not really fit into the greener options recommended today.
- The variety of propane models is less impressive than that of electric or propane gas water heaters.
So what type of household might it be relevant for? For someone looking for an energy-efficient appliance, but who is not connected to the natural gas network.
In summary, what does the choice of your future water heater depend on?
Mainly from your home. Do you have a gas connection? Is there enough space available for its installation? Are you prepared to pay a little more up front to ensure a longer-term return on investment?
These questions do not have obvious and easy answers. In such a case, it is better to call on specialists like the teams at Plomberie Roger Chayer. In addition to giving you the right time on the option that will be the most reliable and economical for you, they will be able to support you for the installation, repair and maintenance of your water heater, whatever your system.
Sources :
- Hydro Solution. Electric vs gas water heaters. 2024.
- Camplux. Gas Water Heater vs. Electric: What’s Better For Your Home? 2022.
- Rona. Electric, Gas or Propane: How to Choose the Right Water Heater. 2024.
- Soumission chauffe-eau. Comment choisir : chauffe-eau électrique vs chauffe-eau au gaz? [How to Choose: Electric Water Heater vs Gas Water Heater?]. 2024.